Effect of ratification Where acts are done by one person on behalf of another, but without his knowledge or authority, he may elect to ratify or to disown such acts. Now A is Principal and B is agent. An agreement made by an agent is binding on the principal so long as the agreement was within the authority actually granted to the agent or reasonably perceived by a third party. On 25 May defendant requested plaintiff to obtain a warrant for lot 67 and clear it at the Custom House, which he did. This could occur in numerous ways, When it is to be inferred from the circumstances of the case, may be accounted circumstances of the case. This chapter considers the various methods by which a relationship of agency can be created, namely, by agreement, by ratification, by operation of law (including agency by necessity), and arising due to estoppel. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? Ratification can be express or implied. For example: A and B are brothers, A has got settled in foreign country without any request from A, B has handed over A`s agricultural land on these basis to a farmer and B is collecting and remitting the amount of rent to A. 4) Principal bound by Ratification: An agency relationship may be found to exist even where the third party is not aware of the identity of the principal or that there even is a principal. B bought goods on credit as usually and runs away with the money. The answer is no, but it would appear that the agent After that, Boardman and Phipps decided to purchase the shares but they did not fully informed consent of all the beneficiaries. 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This can be created either an agent who was duly appointed has exceeded his authority or a person who has no authority to act for the principal has acted as if he has the authority. enters into an agreement with FreightSafe Ltd to transport the apples by sea. The subject matter of the agency relationship must be legal. B. an attempt to prevent Jones from being prosecuted, Hook purported to ratify Joness actions. Agency as is well settled, is a legal concept, which is employed by the Court when it becomes necessary to explain and resolve the problems created by certain fact situation.

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