Various types of approaches to syllabus design have employed different units; there are structural, functional and notional, skills, communicative, and task-based syllabuses. The design of a syllabus a teacher adopts is dependent on the needs it is meant to serve. •Mixed or “multi-strand”: a combination of two or more syllabuses to adjust to the needs of the learners or the setting. Classical approach b. Grammar - translation approach c. Direct approach d. Audio lingual approach e. Communicative approach Robinson (1991 : 34) the product of It is only listed retrospectively. Syllabus design The syllabus provides the instructor and students with a contract, a common reference point that sets the stage for learning throughout the course. Syllabus types. In the discussion of each type, I'll be introducing some of the key concepts of syllabus design (these will appear in bold print) which will help us to compare and appraise syllabus types. By combining two or more types of syllabus, teachers and lectures can perform instructional activities in a more integrated way. Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes) 1. 1.4.1 From units of language to a structural syllabus Syllabus design is less rigid, more flexible and responsive to various student needs. Reilly, T.: 1988 •“Although six different types of language teaching syllabi are treated here as though each occurred "purely," in practice, these types rarely occur independently of each other. The learning process ultimately depends However, one type of syllabus usually dominates, while other types of content may be combined with it. Subject-centered curriculum design describes what needs to be studied and how it should be studied. The statement covers a full page of single-spaced type and can be found on the fourth page of the syllabus, immediately following the class’s assignments. 2. It is the most common type of curriculum used in K-12 public schools in states and local districts in the United States. This type of curriculum design tends to focus on the subject rather than the individual. Kinds Of Syllabus Linear Syllabus Spiral Syllabus 3. Richards and Rodgers (1986) presents a useful framework for the comparison of the language teaching methods which illustrates the place of syllabus in the program planning. Syllabus inventory is a list of the content to be covered in the language program much like a content outline. ESP Course and Syllabus Design Group 12 ESP Course Design The Skill-centered approach Common types of syllabus a. Mix two or more types of sllabuses togther. Introduction Syllabus design is thought to be based essentially on a decision about the 'units' of classroom activity, and the sequence in which they are to be performed (Robinson, 1998). Types of syllabi •Process: a not pre-set syllabus where students and teachers negotiate the contents of the course. “Approaches to Foreign Language Syllabus Design,” ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics Washington DC. Teachers must be reflective, analytic, creative, and open to new methods and new ideas. 3.4.2. Syllabus design is a process of developing a syllabus (Richards, 2001:2). In addition, he closes a list of student expectations immediately preceding the class schedule with this concise statement: The evolution of syllabus design can be seen as a progression of assumptions about language learning, classified by Breen according to two main paradigms or frames of reference, one of these being established and prevailing (termed "propositional" (after the notion of propositional representation of knowledge from cognitive science [e.g. The Model has three levels: approach, design and procedure. Various types of syllabuses can be designed to serve different needs.

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