Russian information warfare propagates ten themes which are discussed below. In practice, in order to introduce its aggressive information doctrine, the Kremlin uses not just the state institutions, but also universities, publishing houses, television, the internet and lobbying. polarisation in the American public or NATO’s cooperative approach. Either through common experience or history (or both). Moscow regards information and psychological warfare as a means of neutralizing enemy actions in peace and preventing escalation to crisis or war. Russian services have vast experience and tradition, in disseminating disinformation and in hybrid operations. - The Black Sea region is quickly becoming a geopolitical battleground which is gaining the interest of major powers, regional players and smaller countries – and the stakes are only getting higher. public opinion in the target countries. Cyber, Russia, Information, Technology Russia's investment in its electronic, cyber and information capabilities should concern NATO states. This is not surprising given the development of technologies that in an increasingly digital media landscape affect and modify how it can be pursued. Information warfare has a long tradition in Russia. increase its own position in the world. The political scientist Arnold Wolfers distinguishes between two … However, since the presidency of Vladimir Putin, something has changed. They are also aware of the fact that neither economically nor military are they able to jeopardise the West’s political power in the world. Russia plans to form a new branch of its armed forces to focus on information warfare, the country’s defence minister has said. Voters with Social Media, The Trump Campaign’s Exploitation of Social Media, Cambridge Analytica: the Darker Side of Big Data, focusing its efforts on manipulating the voters. Disintegration is a key word – by island of freedom and try to contaminate the infallible Russian values with This text was prepared based on the podcast titled „Rosyjska wojna informacyjna z Zachodem”, and translated and written by Tomasz Kubiak. warfare is not focused on its own agenda, but on confusing and distracting Moscow utilizes information warfare to control the narrative of conflict, believing that controlling the narrative of a conflict can afford a state legitimacy. to Russia. Address: 11b Kalnciema str. in France. It is also imperative to scrutinise the campaign’s use of the data analysis company, Cambridge Analytica, whose exploitation of social media enables “micro-targeted” political messaging to reach individual voters with unprecedented precision. This talk on Russian and Chinese Information Warfare against the United States. The Summer 2018 issue of New Eastern Europe tackles the complexity of para-states in the post-Soviet space. Openly Russian instruments of influence are more than just Russian information warfare techniques has developed beyond all recognition. She contends that Moscow has an inherent belief in the power of infor- mation control to advance its political and military goals. Hot TopicsIssue 4 2020Magazine. machine are simple and clear: they contain black-and-white terms and keywords, Information warfare in Russian geopolitical doctrineThe functional (-war on information warfare against Russia‖) and the geopolitical contexts are closely interrelated. Introduction “A new type of war has emerged, in which armed warfare has given up its decisive place in the achievement of the military and political objectives of war to another kind of warfare - information warfare. society and Europe. Officially, Russia just defends itself and its people. Its goal is a massive and long-lasting impact on both the Russian Moscow continues to wage an offensive information campaign designed, in the words of the U.S. Director of National Intelligence, to “weaken and divide the United States.” But Washington has been reactive, slow to respond, and focused on defensive measures. It promotes the idea of the clash Uncertainty, volatility and the relationship between Russia and the West. New Eastern Europe In opposition to the West and its ideology of Information warfare (IW) is a concept involving the battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent. Early Russian information warfare focused on traditional espionage — stealing information from adversaries. manipulations in many contemporary political challenges: the support for Sometimes it affects us and our confidence in the leaders of other countries to disrupt their relations with Information warfare, according to the original Russian government document Conceptual Views Regarding the Activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the Information Space, is defined as confronting a state in the information space by damaging information systems, pro- Russian Information Warfare (informatsionaya voyna) is rooted in Soviet thinking, dating back to the beginning of the Cold War in the form of spetspropaganda (special propaganda). Russia’s cyber posture, nested in Russia’s concept of information warfare, is reflected in the offensive cyber operations launched by Russian government departments, whose institutional culture, expertise, and modus operandi have affected and will continue to affect Russia’s cyber signature. Russia attempts to subordinate and control the elites Both Europe and the United States are facing this problem and both seem to be losing this battle. Tomasz Kubiak Information warfare has received a great deal of publicity in recent years. Russian trolls, bots and pro-Kremlin media. It is necessary to consider Donald Trump’s role, complicit or otherwise, in propagating Russia’s ‘active measures’ on social media. Although the Russian Federation has increasingly global aspirations, information warfare is used first and foremost to establish Russian dominance in its former area of influence, which includes former Soviet and communist republics and territories previously part … Information warfare is a “holistic concept that includes computer network operations, electronic warfare, psychological operations, and information operations.”. Following is a list of the ten narratives followed by short descriptions of each. Intelligence and counterintelligence in the information war. Russia is the state most commonly associated with information warfare—and understandably so. such as “Banderovtsy” or “fascists” to be stored in people’s memory. government, the Russian information warfare machine works to undermine system enables the Kremlin to implement their policies faster and more anti-Russian political parties, such as Polish Law and Justice Party, might also In doing so, they can achieve political and military objectives using far fewer resources: “As far as the Kremlin is concerned, geeks and hackers now rank alongside soldiers and spies as weapons of the state.”. Hungarian Fidesz, attempts to destabilise the Baltic states, Russian it uses emotions and historical remembrance in a very cynical, fact-free way in Part two, Facebook, Compromised: How Russia Manipulated U.S. Accordingly, the creation and dissemination of misinformation, disinformation; what has commonly become known as ‘fake news,’ is a vital component of the Russian information warfare offensive strategy. Third, The Trump Campaign’s Exploitation of Social Media, explains how the campaign benefited from Twitter bots, trolls, and microtargeted Facebook messages. Interest in information warfare significantly increased at the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 2014. Vladimir Putin is set to win a fourth term as president of the Russian Federation. Ukrainians are not a separate people to Russians. Ukraine. historical tensions and promotes anti-systemic causes, mostly in the crucial for It is essentially an approach born out of weakness that provides greater flexibility against adversaries with much greater aggregate economic and technological resources. Grigol Julukhidze New Eastern Europe is co-financed by the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Over the past few years it has been redefined, using geopolitical theory as its foundation. By contrast, the Western approach to cyber threats has typically focused on technical responses to technical threats, mostly disregarding the interface with information warfare in the broad sense.”. Tomasz Kubiak Since 2014, it has been a crucial and successful form of Russian hybrid approach to its power projection. Yet, despite its relative isolation, Belarus is indeed changing. other nations and to weaken their influence. Ukraine is an artificial country and bankrupt state. There is a vital discrepancy between the Russian definition of ‘Information War’ – “all-encompassing, and not limited to wartime – and the Western one – limited, tactical information operations carried out during hostilities.” The most important elements of the Russian definition are: information warfare is ‘all-encompassing,’ and there is no distinction between war and peacetime, creating a security gap. In order to succeed, the Kremlin has been even ready to use what appeared to be the strongest type of weapon available –military force. At moments of political significance, Russia’s espionage apparatus will deploy sharper information warfare tactics—as the Main Intelligence Directorate, or GRU, did when it hacked the Democratic National Committee e-mail server during the 2016 US presidential election campaign and encouraged WikiLeaks to release the e-mails it found three days before the Democratic convention. It imagines a Soviet ground invasion of West Germany. with Russia as in the case of the German Alternative for Germany (AfD). However, the goal is not just to gain clear support for co-operation For Russia, the Cold War never really ended, and the distinction between war and peacetime is blurred; “Moscow perceives the struggle within the ‘information space’ to be more or less constant and unending.” This perception runs parallel with the Kremlin’s belief that while matching the conventional military power of the U.S. is out of the question; they can conduct efficient operations in the information domain. liberalism, Russia promotes its own ideas: conservatism, tradition and “true Jana Nowaka-Jeziorańskiego. New Eastern Europe / current Russian Information Warfare (IW) theory in Chapter 10. About Strategic Communications; Structure; Employees; Vacancies & Internships; Annual reports; Find us / Contact us; Steering committee; FAQ; Resources. Messages coming from Kremlin’s propaganda - In contrast to western states, the Russian autocratic system enables the Kremlin to implement their policies faster and more efficiently, including in the information space. The Reagan administration’s strategy and ac… common, Euro-Atlantic response to withstand it. Hot Topics, Photo: President of Russia web site (CC)/ http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/57063. Last, Cambridge Analytica: the Darker Side of Big Data, investigates the involvement of an ethically dubious “election management” firm in the 2016 presidential elections. Hot Topics, July 7, 2020 - Information warfare is directed at a global audience and seeks to gain a battlefield advantage over the enemy. The consequences of the emerging multipolar world. Hot Topics, December 12, 2020 - It’s increasingly clear that both Russia and the Trump campaign harnessed social media to influence public opinion, suppress voter segments, and arguably steer the outcome of an election. efficiently. … Unlike Soviet propaganda, the contemporary Kremlin information and societies in other countries. Its costs, challenges and the commitment to peace. Today, Russia is conducting information warfare at a degree and sophistication never seen before. https://neweasterneurope.eu/2020/12/14/russias-information-warfare One of the first documented cases of Russian government hacking of U.S. sites to collect intelligence occurred in 1998. A resurgence of fascism, rampant Russophobia, the ethnic cleansing of local Russian populations, drunk NATO soldiers – this is how Russia portrays and slanders the societies of the Baltic States. December 14, 2020 - draws from John Lenczowski’s expertise on Soviet affairs and the non-military arts of statecraft to discuss the modern-day challenges presented to us by the world’s other superpowers. This issue is dedicated to the 10 year anniversary of the European Union’s Eastern Partnership as well as the 30 years since the 1989 revolutions in Central Europe. Kolegium Europy Wschodniej im. NATO is more dependent than ever on electronic systems which are being targeted by increasingly sophisticated electronic warfare (EW), cyber and information operations. of civilizations, where liberal democracies and open societies threaten the Russian Six months later, NATO's supreme commander, General Philip Breedlove, paid homage to Russia’s tactics in the Crimea seizure, calling them "the most amazing information-warfare … Thanks for signing up! While the West is on guard to combat information warfare during hostilities, Russia is perpetually mounting an information warfare offensive. reasons why this threat should be taken very seriously and why we need a Russia’s information warfare approach is designed to work within the limitations of the 21st century strategic environment and within Russia’s budget constraints. interference in the US presidential election or financial support for In sum, Russia views cyber as an essential component of information warfare, which is a vital element of their overarching military strategy. The Next Phase of Russian Information Warfare (by Keir Giles) Download publication file (6.79 MB) About us. It often seems, at least from the outside, that Belarus remains isolated from the West and very static in its transformation. As made clear by Senator Warner during a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing on Russia’s involvement in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, social media, the content published on it, and the access it provides to voters can have the power to influence the outcome of an election. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed limitations and weaknesses in nearly all countries around the world. the adversary policy areas, such as internal integrity of the EU, political Handbook of Russian Information Warfare 1. their ideology. Since 1991, Russia has been trying to return to its former position as a global power using all means possible. Russia is one of those countries that use the manipulation of information as a prime “weapon” to gain a larger share of power. When Peters wrote this novel in 1989, he was a young intelligence officer in Europe. In fact, “The price of Europeanising the Balkans is much higher than the price of the Balkanisation of Europe,” claims Zagreb-based writer Miljenko Jergović in the opening essay to this issue of New Eastern Europe. This revelation ties into the 2016 US Presidential election: once the US was alerted to the threat of cyber intrusion from a foreign adversary, they focused their efforts on protecting the hardware: the voting machines, when in fact Russia was focusing its efforts on manipulating the voters (facilitated by social media). In Rus- sian doctrine, cyber security is subordinate to information security, https://globalsecurityreview.com/cold-war-2-0-russian-information-warfare order to manipulate the public. In the eastern parts of the European continent, 1918 is remembered not only as the end of the First World War, but also saw the emergence of newly-independent states and the rise of geopolitical struggles which are felt until this day. disintegrating Euro-Atlantic co-operation and the European Union, Russia aims to Such a well-functioning, efficient and easy to control propaganda machine has become a dire threat to the world. New Eastern Europe / Their role Riga, LV1048, Latvia. The first six have their roots in Tsarist and White Guard nationalism and the last four are from the USSR. A crucial distinction to grasp is that Russia views cyber operations differently than the West. The geopolitical doctrine treats information as a dangerous weapon (it is cheap, it is a universal weapon, it has unlimited range, it is easily accessible and permeates all state borders without restrictions). decision-making process in an indirect and unexpected way. Analyzing Russian Information Warfare and Influence Operations, Facebook, Compromised: How Russia Manipulated U.S. This approach is often referred to by the Soviet term, ‘active measures,’ which “refers to the manipulative use of slogans, arguments, disinformation, and carefully selected accurate information, which the Soviets used to try to influence the attitudes and actions of foreign publics and governments.”, Are The U.S. And Its Partners Losing Their Grip On…, With the U.S.-Taliban Deal in place, IS-K seeks to build a…, There is much disagreement over the definition of ‘cyber.’ For the purpose of this article, ‘cyber’ will be defined as “involving the ‘command and control of computers’… cyber attacks can be described as ‘all efforts to disrupt, deny, degrade, distort, the information that they [computers] rely upon, store, process, and generate.’”. The outcome is the manifestation of the diverging understandings of information warfare between Russia and the West. According to this theory, information warfare is a means used by the state to achieve its ends in international, regional and domestic politics and also to gain geopolitical advantage. Thanks to new technologies and the internet, it was easy for Russia to reach the international community and to impose its version of the events. Its direct goal is to erode public In the case of the 2016 elections, both Russia and the Trump campaign relied heavily on social media. Information has become a new, forceful and much more efficient instrument for Russia’s power aspirations. Russian politicians and journalists have argued that information battles are necessary for “the Russian/Eurasian civilisation” to counteract “informational aggression from the Atlantic civilisation led by the USA”. Furthermore, Russia views propaganda and disinformation as “at least as important as the traditional…notion of crippling cyber attacks on critical national infrastructure. It relies, above all, on Russia’s ability to take advantage of pre-existing dispositions among its enemies to choose its preferred courses of action. Thus, ultimately … Please check your inbox for an email confirming your subscription. The Russian elite understand that in order to increase their own position in the multilateral world order, they need to weaken their western adversaries. The overall Russian emphasis on information warfare as a threat and opportunity was deeply influenced by American digital democracy promotion and ironically came as a surprise to many Americans in 2016. December 19, 2020 - The 2010 Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation says that these measures are implemented “to achieve political objectives without the utilization of military force.” In contrast to Soviet propaganda—which the regime went to great lengths to proclaim as the truth—modern Russian information warfare does not prioritize this, modern information warfare seeks to plant seeds of doubt and distrust; to confuse, distract, polarize and demoralize. Russian Information Warfare in the Baltic States — Resources and Aims. - liberty”. It exploits regional, ethnic and There was a hope for a new age to come – an age of peace, justice and equality. 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