The area holds immense coal reserves which are exploited in a zone known as El Cerrejón. La Guajira is a department located in the northeast of the country, in the Caribbean region. The Spaniards who could took refuge in Río de la Hacha and sent urgent messages to Maracaibo, Valle de Upar, Santa Marta, and Cartagena. The growing population of Middle Eastern immigrants has contributed the use of the Arabic language to the region. The municipality is crossed bi the Villanueva River which flows intae the Cesar River. [22], This success was soon known in other Guajiro areas, and more men joined the revolt. The reaction of their fellow Indians was unexpected. These mountains rise to 5,775 metres (18,947 ft) in the south. The city of Cali, in the Valle del Cauca department, is only 238 miles from the Equator. [11], Located in the village of Musichi, the Flamingos Protection Area is within the municipality of Manaure and contains numerous lagoons that are used by locals for the artisanal making of salt. In 1679, the Government of Santa Marta offered these palenques their freedom in exchange for their helping to protect the territory from English pirates and the government of Venezuela who coveted the Guajira Peninsula because of its pearls.  Caquetá 86 Febrero, 2007, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Guajira_Department&oldid=1007554455, States and territories established in 1965, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from December 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source: INSTITUTO DE HIDROLOGIA METEOROLOGIA Y ESTUDIOS AMBIENTALES, This page was last edited on 18 February 2021, at 19:22. The indigenous in La Guajira sided with members of either side depending on parental affiliation or economic advantage rather than on political views. [19], The process of evangelizing the Wayuu people restarted in 1887 with the return of the Capuchin friars under reverend friar José María de Valdeviejas. Martin Fernandez de Enciso founded Nuestra Señora Santa María de los Remedios del Cabo de la Vela, the first colonial village in the territory. [26] The Colombian National Army has two units in the department, both of which are part of the 1st Division: the 2nd Mechanized Cavalry Battalion (based in Distracción) and the 6th Mechanized Battalion (Based in Riohacha). [21], La Guajira was one of the territories in Colombia that endured a period of isolation during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, due to the resistance of the indigenous peoples, predominantly the Wayuu. [15], These groups coexisted on the Guajira Peninsula. [39], The Wayuus created many rustic musical instruments, such as Kashi, Sawawa (a type of flute), ma'asi, totoy, and the taliraai (tubular flute), wootoroyoi (type of clarinet), among others. [21], The Wayuu were never subjugated by the Spanish, and the two groups were in a more or less permanent state of war. From those 623,250 total inhabitants, 50.6% were females and 49.4% were males.[31]. Punta Gallinas, at the tip, is the northernmost point of South America. When the Spaniards arrived for the first time at the South American continent 1499 La Guajira was populated by various ethnizes. The municipalities of Dibulla, Albania, and Distracción are excluded from that classification. During the colonial era, the territory of La Guajira was disputed by the governors of Santa Marta and Venezuela, owing to deposits of pearls. Barrancas is located in the Guajira Peninsula in the Caribbean Region of Colombia, limiting to the east with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; to the north with the municipalities of Hatonuevo and Albania; to the south with the municipality of Fonseca and to the west with the municipality of Riohacha. Various indigenous tribes populated the arid plains of the region long before the Spanish expeditions reached the Americas. The municipality is on a depression in the valley of the Ranchería River which flows through the municipality from west to east, between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/place/La-Guajira-Peninsula. Login with Gmail. It is a two layered, hydraulically connected system that is mostly unconfined, but some parts are confined. [7], The department was divided into three subregions based on geographical characteristics: Upper, Middle, and Southern Guajira. Founded in 1545, the settlement became known for its pearl industry. Punta Gallinas, in La Guajira, is mainland Colombia and South America’s northernmost point, at 12°26’46”N. Login with Facebook [18], In 1535, Martín Fernández de Enciso founded the first settlement in La Guajira, a village, near present-day Cabo de la Vela, called Nuestra Señora Santa María de los Remedios del Cabo de la Vela. Corrections? [8], The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range is located on the Caribbean Sea and is shared with the departments of Magdalena and Cesar. [7], The Department of La Guajira is within the Colombian Caribbean region, one of the five natural regions of Colombia. [3], In 1911, the Colombian government created the Commissary of la Guajira. In 1535, Nicolás de Federmán refounded the settlement as the village of Riohacha, as a result of constant attacks by the Wayuu people. After the depletion of the oyster beds in the 18th century, the town declined until it was named [23], During the Thousand Days' War (1899–1902) the region was affected by the struggle between liberals and conservatives. There are three main languages in La Guajira, the most widespread is the Spanish language, followed by the Wayuu language. In 1954, the Intendance of la Guajira was created again and Riohacha was declared a municipality.  Guaviare Cartagena sent 100 troops. The University of La Guajira has its main campus at Riohacha, with satellite campuses at Fonseca, Maicao, Manaure, Albania, and Villanueva. The Sinú Valley dry forests lie in between. That and the arrival of the Spanish reinforcements quelled the rebellion, but not before the Guajiro had regained much territory. This concern has been shared by the Colombian and Venezuelan government, states that have supported bilingual education policies among Guajiros to preserve the aboriginal language. The Spanish immediately dispatched an expedition from El Rincón to capture the Indians. [28], According to the DANE (Colombian statistics bureau) 2005 Census, 44.9% of the population of the Department of La Guajira was indigenous, mostly belonging to the Arhuaco, Koguis, Wiwa, and Wayuu tribes.  Chocó, Córdoba The Guajiros recognized him and forced his party to take refuge in the house of the curate, which they then set afire.  Bogotá, "La Guajira" redirects here. There are not many tour operators as it is still a new and upcoming destination. 1,211 plantations were transitory while 59,830 plantations were in permanent production.[32]. [39], The Wayuu have contributed their own traditional music and instruments. The municipality is crossed by the Villanueva River which flows into the Cesar River. The municipalities with the largest indigenous populations were those where the Wayuu people had settled: Uribia (95.9%), Manaure (88.2%), and Maicao (40.1%). The municipality also contains the Serranía de Macuira mountain range which is an isolated low altitude mountain range in the middle of La Guajira Desert.  Sucre Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. La Guajira. Capital district: Frete GRÁTIS em milhares de produtos com o Amazon Prime. Updates? For other uses, see, The Evangelization of the indigenous peoples, Nuestra Señora Santa María de los Remedios del Cabo de la Vela, "Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018", Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística – DANE, "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", Clima: Climatografía de la principales ciudades, "Los apaalanchi: una visión del mar entre los wayuu", Luis Angel Arango Library: History of La Guajira, "Agenda Interna para la Productividad y la Competitividad", The return to the Indian and the search for cultural responsiveness and responsibility in Latin American education by Luis Enrique López, Taliraai: Music, Gender and Kinship in the Wayuu Culture - Jacqueline Vilchez Faria, "Manifestaciones locales de la culinaria caribeña", Government of La Guajira official website, Colombian ministry of Education: Education in La Guajira, Bank of the Republic - Colombia: Education in the Caribbean region of Colombia, Bank of the Republic - La Guajira y el mito de las regalías redentoras by Adolfo Meisel Roca No. Wayuu children in the orphanages were educated in traditional European customs. During our long and beautiful trip to Colombia one of the destinations that we had marked was the The Guajira Peninsula, which is the northernmost place of the entire South American Continent. La Guajira Peninsula, Spanish Península de La Guajira, Guajira also spelled Goajira, peninsula on the northwestern coast of South America.It is bounded by the Caribbean Sea to the north and west, the Gulf of Venezuela to the southeast, and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perijá to the south. The capital city of the department is Riohacha. Uribia is town and municipality of the La Guajira department of Colombia.It is the youngest municipality of this Department since the year 2000. The Spaniards called the first natives who lived at Cabo de la Vela “Guajiros” (farmers).  Quindío, Risaralda The institution offers technical as well as undergraduate and graduate programs in natural sciences, engineering, economics, education, administration, and the humanities. The municipality of Villanueva is located in the southern region of the Department of La Guajira within the valley of the Cesar River, between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains and the Serranía del Perijá which Villanueva borders. In 1871, the region was separated from the Department of Magdalena, and La Guajira became a national territory in its own right. Public administration accounts for 5.47%, construction 3.01%, real estate 2.21%, and industrial 0.52%. Numerous software companies such as Microsoft[35] and Ubuntu[36] have developed products in the Wayuu language.[37]. Natural gas fields near Ríohacha are connected by pipeline with Barranquilla, Colombia, to the southwest. The entire Guajira peninsula is split-up into territories. There are also Arroz con camarones – rice with shrimp, where the rice is cooked with previously boiled shrimp and put out to dry in the sun; iguana stew with coconuts; Iguaraya – the fruit of the cactus, which the Wayuus use for drinking juice or wine; and turtles, deer, and capybaras cooked in a variety of ways, usually with rice, in soup or a stew. The accordions and guitars first used for vallenato music were allegedly acquired in La Guajira as contraband arriving from the nearby island of Aruba, in the Caribbean Sea. [40][41][42], Amazonas [4] They were known for having large herds of goats. In 1718, Governor Soto de Herrera called the Wayuu, "barbarians, horse thieves, worthy of death, without God, without law and without a king". Compre online La Guajira Department: Geography of La Guajira Department, Municipalities of Guajira, Populated places in the Guajira Department, Palomino, de Source: Wikipedia na Amazon. La Guajira (Spanish pronunciation: [la ɣwaˈxiɾa]) is a department of Colombia. In 1954, it was demoted back to intendencia, until 1964, when the Department of La Guajira was created. Geography. A territory belongs to one clan and usually provides enough resources for the families tha… The municipality of Manaure is located in northernmost part of South America, on the arid plains of the Guajira Peninsula, in the Colombian Caribbean region, bordering to the north with the Caribbean Sea to the east with the municipality of Uribia; to the south with the municipality of Maicao and to the west with the municipality of Riohacha. [27] The Colombian Air Force division Comando Aéreo de Combate No. There were rebellions in 1701 (when the Wayuu destroyed a Capuchin mission), 1727 (when more than 2,000 Indians attacked the Spanish), 1741, 1757, 1761, and 1768. A popular ecotourist destination is Cabo de la Vela, a small fishing village located on the headland of the peninsula in the Guajira desert. It is the southern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, or simply the Americas. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License. [25], The Colombian National Police have a regional command post in the Department of La Guajira, usually under the command of a colonel and based in the capital of the department, Riohacha. Divi-divi (Caesalpinia coriaria, a small shrub whose pods are used for tanning and dyeing) is an important product of the area, and there are some mineral deposits. [22], In 1846, the new government of the Republic of New Granada created the "Guajiro territory", from part of the State of Magdalena, but the indigenous traded in contraband on a large scale, problems with the authorities continued, and the territory was once again put under the government of Santa Marta. Much of the peninsula lies in northeastern Colombia; the rest is in northwestern Venezuela, where it is known as La Goajira Peninsula. La Makuira is an essential setting in the mythic geography of the Wayuu, where the footprints are found of their origin stories.  Cundinamarca  Tolima  N. Santander The San Antonio Orphanage, located by the Calancala River, was built in 1910, and the Nazareth Orphanage, in the Serranía de Macuira mountains, in 1913. The municipality of Barrancas is located to the left margin of the Ranchería River in a valley formed between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountains and the Serranía del Perijá. Even though the new generations are able to speak Spanish fluently, there is a real concern among Guajiro people of maintaining their mother tongue. Sierra's relatives among the Indians took up arms against the rebels to avenge his death, a battle between them being fought at La Soledad. The Department of La Guajira is also composed of 126 corregimientos (local magistracies), 49 inspecciones de policía (police districts) and 10 caseríos (villages), distributed throughout the municipalities. The municipality of Albania is located in the Guajira Peninsula, northern Colombia presenting a predominantly flat and arid terrain by the steps of the Serranía del Perijá to the east and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta to the west, within the basin of the Ranchería River. It is bounded by the Caribbean Sea to the north and west, the Gulf of Venezuela to the southeast, and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perijá to the south. In the 1930s, numerous immigrants came to the area from the Middle East (Christians and Maronites) from Lebanon, Syria, Palestine and Jordan, and countries under the Ottoman Empire. Whether wildlife, extreme sports, culture, food or history are your thing, here are five reasons why you should visit La Guajira: Culture La Guajira became an intendencia in 1898 and a commissary in 1911. According to the authorities, more than 100 Spaniards were killed and many others taken prisoner. The Yonna is the traditional dance of the Wayuu and is performed to honor guests. The economy of the department depends on royalties from the coal mining at Cerrejón (producing 24.9 million tons of export coal in 2004), natural gas exploitation, and salt mines. The orphanages had influence over the rancherías of Guarrachal, El Pájaro, Carazúa, Guaraguao, Murumana, Garra Patamana, and Karraipía. The municipality of Fonseca has a total area of 622 km² at an altitude over sea level of 11 m over sea level at the seat of the municipality. Conflicts between the Wayuu people and the Colombian government have decreased since then.  Valle del Cauca, Vaupés Geography. 12 of the municipalities are part of a government program called "Special Units for Frontier and Department Frontier Zone": San Juan del Cesar, La Jagua del Pilar, Barrancas, El Molino, Fonseca, Hatonuevo, Maicao, Uribia, Urumita, Villanueva, Manaure, and Riohacha. These enabled the rebels to capture nearly all the settlements of the region, which they burned.  Boyacá, Caldas Geografie. The Spanish applied the term to all the indigenous in the peninsula who were goat herders. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).  La Guajira, Magdalena [7], The Ranchería River, which also rises in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, crosses the Guajira Peninsula from south to north and flows through the Valley of Upar and into the Caribbean Sea. It was not until the 18th century that the Spanish monarchy ordered the complete conquest and pacification of the indigenous in the region, and the conflict between colonizers and indigenous prevailed throughout the 19th century. [32], Agriculture, silviculture, and fishing account for 7.99% of the total, followed by commerce, hotel and restaurant industries which together account for 6.65% of the total revenues. 7.5% was of Afro-Colombian descent; while the remaining 47.6% of the population did not consider itself part of a particular ethnic group, except for Middle Eastern descendants, who have migrated here throughout the 20th century. Ríohacha, capital of La Guajira departamento, northern Colombia. It occupies a roughly triangular area that is larger than the combined areas of France and Germany. Guajiro language is a branch of Arawak, a linguistic language predominant within the Caribbean. La Guajira is a world of adventure with its crashing waves, arid deserts and hundreds upon hundreds of bird species, from humble pelicans and elegant flamingoes to the ferocious eagles circling its coastline. Southern Guajira has more green vegetation, wetlands and rivers. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The continent is compact and roughly triangular in shape, being broad in the north and tapering to a point—Cape….  Bolívar The country of Colombia makes for an engaging topic of study, and this quiz game helps you explore this jewel of South America. Literature in La Guajira has been both written in Spanish and Wayuunaiki, most of it describing the myths, the sacred, the tragic, the epics, the legends, heroism, the magic, the comedy, and romanticism autochthonous to the region and directly influenced by the Costumbrismo, including physiology and sexuality.[38]. The Majayura, or ritual of the "young wayuu virgin", in which a female dances towards a male considered a prospective mate, while other males perform rhythms with their traditional instruments, until the one male tumbles to the ground. Geography. Wayuu tribes feature prominently in Papillon by Henri Charrière, which is about an escaped convict who takes refuge with one such tribe.  Meta Classification Count Köppen-Geiger Examples; Tropical savanna climate: 56: Aw: Camarones, San Juan del Cesar, Dibulla, La Punta De Los Remedios, Guamaka: Hot … Sierra and eight of his men were killed. The municipality of Fonseca has a total area of 622 km² at an altitude over sea level of 11 m over sea level at the seat of the municipality. Latin American and Caribbean Physical Geography > La Guajira ; Cite.  Atlántico Southern Guajira has more wetlands and rivers. [14], In 1498, the Guajira Peninsula was first seen by Spanish explorers led by Alonso de Ojeda, who sailed the coast, but didn't land. [5][6], The northern part of the department consists of arid plains called the Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub, whose dryness is caused by the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. It has only an isolated, low-altitude mountain range, the Serranía de Macuira (865 m above sea level).  Antioquia Of all the Indians in the territory of Colombia, they were unique in having learned the use of firearms and horses. Many cattle were also taken by the rebels. [30], The population of 623,250 constituted 1.5% of the total population of Colombia (42,090,502) and 7% of the Caribbean Region of Colombia (8,910,195). Encontre diversos livros escritos por Source: Wikipedia com ótimos preços. The Intendance of La Guajira was created in 1898. In 1544, due to constant attacks from the indigenous, and from Spanish from the neighboring Captaincy of Venezuela who were after the large deposits of pearls, the village was moved to present-day Riohacha and refounded by Nikolaus Federmann. Some of the beaches are also nesting sites for caná, carey, and The most representative of Guajira cuisine is friche – a fried or stewed goat seasoned with salt and its own blood and guts. The name Guajira comes from the Cariban languages. It lies on the Caribbean coast at the mouth of the Ranchería River. The incredible La Guajira is a truly unmissable stop in Colombia that offers unexpected and wonderful scenarios: sandy deserts, … The mountain range is an isolated ecosystem in the middle of the La Guajira Desert, near the Caribbean sea, between the villages of Nazareth, Ichipa and Tawara. The municipality o Villanueva is locatit in the soothren region o the Depairtment o La Guajira athin the valley o the Cesar River, atween the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta muntains an the Serranía del Perijá which Villanueva borders. La Guajira is located in the northeast end of Colombia, with an area of 20,848 square kilometers. Goat raising by the Wayuu people is widespread, and there is some pearl fishing as well as saltworks on the coast. There is also a small yet significant number of English speakers living in the Cerrejón miner's citadel, owing to the bilingual school there. The Department of La Guajira is governed by regional equivalents of the three branches of the national government of Colombia. For example, the symbol is used to mark animals. Groups of Arawak arrived at La Guajira about 900 d.C. Wayuu indigenous around 1890. Cultural aspects in the Department of La Guajira have been mostly influenced by the traditions of the Wayuu; by European culture, mainly through Roman Catholic traditions; by Afro-Colombian culture; and since the mid-20th Century, by Middle Eastern culture, including Islamic traditions. Looking something like a pinkie sticking out into the Caribbean sea, La Guajira is mostly composed of a peninsula of the same name. All family members that are relatives via their mother’s branch are considered part of the same casta(clan). The northern part of the department consists of arid plains called the Guajira-Barranquilla xeric scrub, whose dryness is caused by the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.  Vichada Education, health, community service and domestic services account for 9.60% of the total. Most of these later escaped and formed palenques. English pirates, Frenchmen, and Germans also fought for control of the territory.  San Andrés [21], In 1871, once again the territory of La Guajira was put under separate administration and became a national territory. The economy of the Department of La Guajira is based on the exploitation of mineral resources, such as coal in the Cerrejón mines, natural gas, salt mines in Manaure, and constituted 53.48% of total revenues in 2005. And more men joined the revolt the five natural regions of Colombia, Department La Guajira has been to. 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