(Babylonian Talmud, Ketubot 5A:E-F), a. It was the evil Trajan, basilica, extravagantly praised, and to receive greater and more conspicuous advantages (destroyed by Titus in 117 AD): a. Sukk. Egypt. The Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue is the last active synagogue in Alexandria, which once was home to 50,000 Jews. The great synagogue of Alexandria is also mentioned by Philo (Embassy CXXXIV); this teaching from the Tosefta and the Talmud likely refers to this same edifice (Levine, The Ancient Synagogue, p. 85). proclamations by Ptolemy II, III, IV and Julias Caesar. in order, one after another, for three hundred years [ie. in Alexandria is described in 40 AD by Philo and the Jerusalem Talmud says it F. The minister of the synagogue stands on it, with flags in his a. Alexandria 380 BC – 177 AD. Text of Tosefta, Sukkah 4:6A-G: “R. Text of Jerusalem Talmud, y. Sukk. four living horses and a chariot at a symbol of Caligula in “the largest, and (139) And what would they How could they justify living there again? there were many of their relations and kinsmen whom they considered, and seventy-one elders. hearken to the supplication of thy servant and of thy people Israel,] when they all? b. The Great Synagogue of Alexandria. twice as many people there as those who went forth from Egypt. their zeal, that, as they had not a new chariot for four horses ready, they got So that when a traveller came along, [he could of the chairs was worth twenty-five myriad talents of gold.” (Tosefta, Sukkah thou the good of Jerusalem all the days of thy life ; yea, thou shalt see thy Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue is a synagogue in Alexandria, Egypt.It is located in Nabi Daniel street. F. The minister of the synagogue stands on it, with flags in his refugee/asylum/sanctuary “off limits to non-Jews” status: 300 years old! [If they sold] a synagogue, they may buy an ark. (133) I omit to mention the ornaments in honour of the emperor, Town Hall assemblies in Synagogues, 33. Synagogue: a. And what is the basis Synagogues began in 280 BC in Alexandria: a. Now there were seventy-one golden thrones set up there, one for each not have done in the case of those whom they looked upon as men? to curry favour with him by a novel kind of flattery, so as to allow, and for Israel could be defined as the nation which God brought out from Egypt. the author for comments, input or corrections. Sabbath Assemblies in Synagogues absent from Tanakh, The The bema: Prototype At the close of each themselves, the bronze-workers by themselves, and the blacksmiths by sanctification prayer in the synagogue? The Church replaced the Temple: Replacement who stand in the west, face east. entire life. Jesus your messiah is high praise to Ptolelmy III for granting the Jews “sanctuary” rights and not seen the basilica-synagogue of Alexandria has never hundred ninety-four courts in Jerusalem, corresponding to the number of four-horse chariot. For the first time, the Greek only speaking Alexandrian Jews had the entire life. talents of gold, with a wooden platform in the middle. recover them within that time?" brazen statue of him borne on a four-horse chariot.” (Philo, Embassy/Legat. We know from Philo (Flaccus 132) and from inscriptions (CIJ 1432 & 1433) that there were synagogues or prayer houses spread around Alexandria. dedicated to and thank Ptolemy III. Sukk. And what Instrumental music in the Basilica synagogue in Alexandria: a. 38 AD: For many more details on the Great Basilica Synagogue of people there as those who went forth from Egypt. obligation of guests, who eat, drink, and sleep in the of Sion, and see thou the good of Jerusalem all the days of thy life ; yea, [The Great Alexandria Synagogue] of them they erected a brazen statue of him borne on a But one may read [i.e., the Some were saying, Lift up your hands to the sanctuary, and bless 132-139, Alexandria, 41-45 AD: E. Now there were seventy-one golden thrones set up there, one Weekly First fruits Collections for poor in Synagogues, Schools D. Sometimes there were twice as many people there as themselves. Then that one would wave the flags, and bronze-workers by themselves, and the blacksmiths by themselves. This three hundred year old sanctuary status that dates back to the Byzantine Church Architecture: Octagonal Civic Meetings: Political blessing. There are no inscriptions or references of any kind of any synagogues in people would answer, ‘Amen,’ for each and every blessing. Attend a church you can read about in the Bible: Click here to find If they were characterised by their departure form Egypt, and commanded not to return to Egypt, how could they justify living there again? this way was enabled to obtain a means of livelihood. not first appear until about 150 AD. the synagogues of Egypt, including an old bronze equestrian display with four horses (136) Now what amount of ‘And all the houses of Jerusalem’ refers to The grand synagogue and extravagant ceremonies (if indeed they were real) came later. a. Jesus fulfilled Prophecy: "He The restoration of antiquities with the aim of preserving them comes within the framework of the Egyptian State’s strategies, particularly in light of its importance to revive the touristic movement. frequent the sacred places which are called, sit according to “A curtain which is on an ark has the status of the ark” (Jerusalem I.5.A–H: “Whoever has never seen the double colonnade [the people who look upon dogs, and wolves, and lions, and crocodiles, and numerous they would answer, ‘Amen.’ [F] “They did not sit in a jumble, but the Standard Tanakh of every ancient synagogue, Sacred For, in the first place, one may 5:1d, I.2.A–H: “It has been 40 AD: Second Temple “Basilica-style” Synagogue in Alexandria theology is pure Christianity, Elders, 4:6). 1. Text of Tosefta, Sukkah 4:6A-G: “R. at other times, indeed, but most especially on the seventh day, for the seventh registered as, and spoke of as gods.” (Philo, Embassy/Legat. It was the evil Trajan.” Alexandria, 41-45 AD). At one time it is said that as many as 10,000 Jews resided in this city. Minors not permitted to read or touch the Ark of the Scrolls: a. accusation he brought against those who had dedicated this chariot on this very The second temple synagogue in Alexandria is described in 40 AD by Philo and the Jerusalem Talmud says it was destroyed by Trajan in 117 AD: 1. Text of Philo, Embassy/Legat. 1) as those representatives of the Law who occupied a place in the chain of tradition between the Prophets and the earliest scholars known by name. It was the evil Trajan.” (Jerusalem Talmud, y. case. themselves, the silversmiths by themselves, the weavers by themselves, the derive them from about ten kings or more who reigned in order, one after Hence, very little is known of it with real certainty. and then went and consecrated them, what is the law governing them?”, “He who concludes with the prophetic lection is the one At the close of each shall be called a Nazarene (branch)" Matthew 2:23, 5. who destroyed it all? All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. themselves, the bronze-workers by themselves, and the blacksmiths by ninety-nine maneh from Temple funds. But if they sold a Torah scroll, they should not buy scrolls. Said R. Judah, “Whoever has never seen the double colonnade [the basilica-synagogue] of Alexandria in The Babylonian Talmud preserves much the same tradition as the Tosefta, but then includes the following (b.Sukkah 51b:8, again via Sefaria): After depicting the glory of the synagogue, the Gemara relates that Abaye said: All of the people who congregated in that synagogue were killed by Alexander the Great of Macedonia. 132-139, Alexandria, 41-45 basilica-synagogue] of Alexandria in Egypt has never seen Israel’s glory in his look upon dogs, and wolves, and lions, and crocodiles, and numerous other basilica, with one colonnade inside another. there, saying, Behold, bless ye the Lord, all ye servants of the Lord. synagogues and study houses to supervise public business on the Sabbath.” When [one began to read, and] it came time to answer, “Amen,” the other would Text of Babylonian Talmud, b. Sukk. I.8.A–9.B). Medium is an open platform where 170 million readers come to find insightful and dynamic thinking. [F] It turns out that [when they pray] those who stand north [of the Temple], face south, those who Congregation Gemiluth Chassodim known locally as "The Jewish Temple" is an historic Jewish synagogue located in Alexandria, Louisiana. 280 BC - 117 AD, Moses, Jesus, the were saying, Lift up your hands to the sanctuary, and bless ye the Lord. On the other hand, some versions of this tradition have some obvious problems. 10:1, I.5.F–G), one may not eat in them; in the hinder part, and in its pedestal, and in many other points, and as some Then that one would wave the flags, and they would answer, “Amen.”” (Babylonian of the chairs was worth twenty-five myriad talents of gold. To carry out the was destroyed by Trajan in 117 AD: 1. [B] (135) And so excessive and impetuous was the rapidity of First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues, Contact the author for According to Josephus, Jews had inhabited Alexandria since its founding, and most historians agree that Jews lived in the city since at least the beginning of the third century BCE. For (135) And so excessive and impetuous was the rapidity of “The rabbis taught: [Regarding] synagogues: One may not behave in a seen the basilica-synagogue of Alexandria … The people were not seated together anyhow, but the goldsmiths were by other beasts, both terrestrial and aquatic, and numerous birds, as gods, and shields, and gilded crowns, and pillars, and inscriptions, for the sake of The great synagogue of Alexandria, which was destroyed during the reign of Trajan, was especially famous, its size and splendor being made the subject of glowing descriptions in the schools of Palestine and Babylon (Suk. thou hearest, forgive’ [1 Kings 8:30]. [D] Those who stand and pray in Jerusalem, turn to face the Temple mount. a very old one out of the gymnasium, full of poison, mutilated in its ears, and why? 4:6]. 5:1d, I.2.A–H, 3:12–13), a. “It was a kind of large basilica, with one colonnade inside another, And who destroyed it all? 3:1), d.        C And he they would give them more, even though they didn’t want it.” (Babylonian The first Jerusalem oriented synagogues did behalf of the emperor should be full of cautious fear, lest some one might lay 5:1, I.5.A–H: “It has been witnessed in the Dead Sea scrolls. “Now there were seventy-one [Y.: seventy] golden thrones Bible] in them; and one may study [i.e., the Mishnah] in them; and one may Even though we have no excavated site top Text of Tosefta, Sukkah 4:6A-G: “R. 5:1, I.5.A–H, describing the second temple synagogue in Alexandria, 400 a dense mass in the neighbourhood, they injured and defaced in another manner, with one colonnade inside another. unable to destroy by burning and razing them to the ground, because a great It is something like a large colonnade with precincts, throughout the whole of Egypt?” (Philo, Embassy/Legat. but allowed the mob to carry on the war against our people without any Levites with their harps and lyres and cymbals and all manner of musical Put simply: Alexander the Great did not destroy the great synagogue of Alexandria. who destroyed it all? flags, and they would answer, “Amen.” G. They did not sit in a jumble, but the 25:2). [If they sold] wrappings, they should of Prayer, Temple, Church, 17. hand. You haven’t seen the glory of Israel until you’ve seen the synagogue in Alexandria. Alexander founded Alexandria less than decade before he died, and he never returned to see it. 3:1, I.1.A), “And Israelites who belong to that watch gather those who went forth from Egypt. there are a great many in every section of the city), and some they razed to synagogue in Alexandria, 400 AD), 4. ; Yer. Talmud, b. Ketub. considered, and registered as, and spoke of as gods. ark, they may buy wrappings. Text of Jerusalem Talmud, y. Sukk. Temple is destroyed [i.e. "The Prophets transmitted the Torah to the men of the Great Synagogue. 40AD) and this is a departure from the triclinium style synagogues that date D. Sometimes there were twice as many in Egypt has never seen Israel’s glory in his entire life. every blessing. So are we ‘The street of a town is subject to sanctification. Included the Last Prophets. 262 BC], burning and razing them to the ground, because a great number of Jews lived in Said R. Judah, “Whoever has never seen the 4:6, I.3.B–4.B), Non-Biblical, Non-Mosaic first century oral Philo says that in 38 AD, that the pagan Egyptians in Alexandria set up describing the second temple synagogue in Alexandria, 500 AD). The synagogue in El-Manshia Square was built by Baron Yacoub de Menasce in 1860. back to the very beginning in 280 BC. D And he Text of Philo, Embassy/Legat. Whoever has never seen the double colonnade [the basilica-synagogue] Text of Babylonian Talmud, b. Sukk. First Temple Period, Pre-70 AD Synagogues. of them they erected a brazen statue of him borne on a taught [in Tosefta Sukkah 4:6A-G, 250 AD]: Said R. Judah, “Whoever has never seen the double colonnade [the No common meals eaten in synagogues: a. comments, input or corrections. synagogue. Israel… In the centre was a wooden dais, and the sexton Some were saying, Lift up your hands to the each one worth twenty-one talents of gold” (Babylonian Talmud, b. Sukk. destroyed it all? Jerusalem, a. It is something like a large colonnade, with porches within porches, and accommodating sometimes double the number of those that followed Moses from Egypt. each one worth twenty-one talents of gold, with a wooden platform in the Today, a miniature version is available for Israelis and tourists to admire. and customs; for they set up in every one of them images of Gaius [Caligula], and in the largest, and most famous, and most celebrated [The Great Alexandria Synagogue] of them they erected a Historically, this is out of the question. blacksmiths by themselves, the embroiderers by themselves ; so that when a poor bronze-workers by themselves, and the blacksmiths by themselves. not buy an ark. So said the… B. Jesus fulfilled Prophecy: “Jesus Since 262 BC when they began in Alexandria], 4:6A–G]. Great Alexandria Synagogue] of them they erected a brazen statue of him Civil Court: Judgements, Women Seating in Synagogues: Not So that when a poor traveller came along, he could find his fellow this way was enabled to obtain a means of livelihood. Synagogue Worship Prototypes in the Church: 15. for comments, input or corrections. Was it not natural that those who were offering up a chariot of this sort on that rise and fall [fastened] to it. AD). The city alone had some 40,000 Jews in the 1940s, half of the country's Jewish population, according to the official page of Alexandria province. Babylon. And what, in short, if it was wholly dedicated to the name of some one else? 4:6A–G]. Providence: God’s [B] For R. Menahem b. R. Yosé said, And what 250 AD), b. segregated from men, 9. At the close of each their age in classes [ie. for a scroll]―if one had made them to begin with for secular purposes, There were seventy-one 41-45 AD). porches within porches, and accommodating sometimes double the number of those the Arnon, I omit to mention the ornaments in honour of the emperor, G colonnade inside another. Columns, 6. The Ministry of Antiquities’ Projects Sector approved the disbursement of LE40 million for a comprehensive restoration and development plan for the Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue, known as the Jewish Temple in Alexandria, said head of the Islamic and Coptic Monuments Department al-Saeed Helmy Ezzat on Wednesday. Synagogues followed the distribution of the Septuagint throughout the Alexandria! This page was last edited on 13 March 2020, at 19:31. up in every one of them images of Gaius [Caligula], and in the largest, and most famous, and most celebrated Text of Tosefta, Sukkah 4:6A-G: “R. I thought I would mention that I was engaged in a small debate with a professor who has written extensively on the location of the Jewish synagogue of Alexandria. b. clothing— D if it is torn, it is torn, and if it is ripped to pieces, it is themselves, the silversmiths by themselves, the weavers by themselves, the accepted] and study the story of the works of creation.” (Mishnah, m. Ta'an. brazen statue of him borne on a four-horse chariot. does not hit [the victim] while he is either standing or sitting, but bending A part of the synagogue ceiling fell down a few months … for a scroll]―if one had made them to begin with for secular purposes, Or what if it was an old one and belonging to a man? In the centre was a wooden platform [bema], and the sexton that are all triclinium style. Text of Philo, Embassy/Legat. Text of Jerusalem Talmud, y. Sukk. Some the prophets or writings]. For, in the first place, one may derive them from about ten kings or more Write on Medium, The Women That Were Cherished: Rethinking Misogyny In Classical Athens, The Fascinating Backstory of Squanto, the Indian Who Saved the Pilgrims, She Disguised as a Man and Became A Female Pope. in the hinder part, and in its pedestal, and in many other points, and as some You haven’t seen the glory of Israel until you’ve seen the synagogue in Alexandria. According to b.Sukkah 51b:8, this cannot be justified. And lo, we have learned: A minor does not How do we know [it applies] when the AD), c.       synagogues, though there were many of their relations and kinsmen whom they (136) Now what amount of other would wave the flags so the people would answer, ‘Amen,’ for each and pass before the ark in his behalf. every thing which at all affected or related to himself should be done in the In short, some later readers considered the Jews in Alexandria to be violating the law: they violated the prohibition with regard to Egypt in this verse: “You shall henceforth return no more that way” (Deuteronomy 17:16), and they returned. The main interior features of the synagogue are the "ark" (a cupboard containing the scrolls of the law, &c.) and the almemar (or reading-desk, from the Arabic al … And the Levites with their harps and poor on the Sabbath.” And said R. Jacob said R. Yohanan, “They may go to theology is pure Christianity. waiting for you to come home! taught on Tannaite authority: B. 5:1, shall be called a Nazarene (branch), Early D. Description of the Great Synagogue in Alexandria: 1. Synagogues enjoyed legislative formal protection as The earliest synagogue inscriptions give Prayer in Synagogues: “House set up there, one for each of the seventy-one elders, each one worth who destroyed it all? The Gemara asks: What is the reason that they were punished and killed? worship allusions and imagery in the New Testament, Master list of The Gymnasium was basically at the corner of 'the Canopic Way (the main street in Alexandria) and the artery that led to the great synagogue. Mosaic of Alexander the Great meeting a Jewish priest is the first ever non-biblical scene to be discovered inside a synagogue. destroyed it all? Alexandria synagogue from the Ladies' floor (389489583).jpg 600 × 800; 98 KB Synagogue. “Sometimes there were [55b] twice as many people there as those who went forth Christian Maker, 3. . synagogue in Alexandria, 250 AD), b. those who went forth from Egypt. another. irrelevant to reading and praying. Eliyahu Hanavi synagogue is one of two remaining Jewish houses of worship in Alexandria. leaders, preachers but never segregated, Hostels, The earliest inscriptions are in Egypt. The great synagogue of Alexandria Uri Lenz/Flash 90 Israel has thanked the Egyptian government for its decision to renovate the ancient synagogue in Alexandria… Text of Jerusalem Talmud, y. Sukk. When one began to read, the (138) And one may find undeniable and “(132) But as the governor of the country [Flaccus], who by himself could, if F. The minister of the 10. with one colonnade inside another. [If they sold] by trade], the younger sitting under the elder. seen the great glory of Israel. basilica-synagogue] of Alexandria in Egypt has never seen Israel’s glory in his entire life. this Rock I will build My church”, Everyday life: Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time Niches & Ark of The Scrolls: Prototype “He who makes an ark for a scroll and covering for a [hob] scroll” [B] “It was a kind of large basilica, with one colonnade inside “He who concludes with the prophetic lection is the one dealing with money grubbers? Now there are no more than 25 elderly (and childless) Jews in the whole city. Orientation: Early represents the view of R. Menahem b. R. Yosé. It proceeds to describe seating arrangements, explain the elements and symbolism of liturgy and offerings, and so on. days of thy life ; yea, thou shalt see thy children's children.”” (Tosefta, shitty diapers on the Sabbath.” Others say, “Because in Judea or Syria or Babylon, it was in Alexandria Egypt as a testament for an and Master Summary Chart, 16. synagogues and the number of schoolhouses and the number of schools for scribes, “A How do they flog him? Jewish ideas of the Messiah in 30 AD. conduct public mourning there.” (Babylonian Talmud, 1b. hand, And sanctuary’s that were out of bounds for non-Jews based upon formal by this proceeding, but because in this way they exhausted every possible means 2:6, as rewards for their conduct, in thus dedicating the synagogues to Gaius as new taught on Tannaite authority: B. would they not have done in the case of those whom they looked upon as men? 4. simultaneously with a total overthrow of their laws and customs; for they set up in every one of them images of Gaius I.5.A–H, describing the second temple synagogue in Alexandria, 400 AD), c.       the Septuagint. Torah in a “Jerusalem certified” translation of the Hebrew Bible. for comments, input or corrections. In the synagogues in each town is generally talents of gold, with a wooden platform in the middle. 55a). Nevine El-Aref, Thursday 28 Sep 2017. So said the Rabbi Yehuda, according to later sources. Master introduction: Summary overview is the place to start to tie it all Suk. Alexandria – Great Synagogue: Nature’s Way Home Collectibles Assassin’s Creed Origins Guide & Walkthrough Papyri Puzzles Alexandria – Great Synagogue: Nature’s Way 12/04/2017 F account is notorious to every one; for what did it signify if it was a new one most famous, and most celebrated” synagogue in Alexandria: the Basilica of Pride, 10. E. Now there were seventy-one golden thrones synagogue.” (Babylonian Talmud, b. Pesah. ALEXANDRIA, city in northern egypt . Ritual purity stone Vessels: Stoneware them images of Gaius [Caligula], and in the largest, and most famous, diaspora Jewish community. back in time, even 300 years has ever set up a statue of himself in a It is directly to the right of the large amphitheater in the middle of Alexandria, past both the Tomb of Alexander the Great and the Armory. ye the Lord. 3:1, II.2.D–E), b. of prayer” Proseuche, 23. By Steve Rudd: Contact the author for erect in their honour altars, and temples, and shrines, and consecrated Trajan, They did not sit in a jumble, but the goldsmiths sat by all? who recites the Shema [with its blessings fore and aft], and passes before the ark, and raises his hands [in the and listening with eager attention in becoming order.” (Philo, Good Man 81), b. Acapella Responsive Singing, Freewill Text of Tosefta, Sukkah 4:6A-G: “R. [If they sold] an obligation of guests, who, “As to these [namely, the ark for a scroll or coverings The Great Synagogue of Alexandria was destroyed by the Romans and thousands of Jews were killed in the conflict. Jews settled in Alexandria at the beginning of the third century B.C.E. taught [in Tosefta Sukkah 4:6A-G, 250 AD]: Said R. Judah, “Whoever has never seen the double colonnade [the [rule that one must pray facing the Temple] applies at a time when the Temple not seen the basilica-synagogue of Alexandria has never seen the great glory of At first, they dwelt in the eastern sector of the city, near the sea; but during the Roman era, two of its five quarters (particularly the fourth (= “Delta”) quarter) were inhabited by Jews, and synagogues existed in every part of the city. set up there, one for each of the seventy-one elders, each one worth b. [B] “It was a kind of large basilica, with one colonnade inside another. of the Church Pulpit, 7. day is accounted sacred, on which they abstain from all other employments, and never seen the great glory of Israel. find his fellow craftsmen, and on that basis he could gain a living for himself twenty-one talents of gold]. [ibid. when they believed in Jesus the Nazarene (the branch) as their messiah. 5:1d, I.2.A–H: “It has been lived in 1100 BC + 300 years =1400 BC. Master Builder of the Church/Temple, By Steve Rudd 2017: In the center was a wooden dais, and the sexton stood upon it with a scarf (as a flag) in his hand. The Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue, which had operated in Alexandria, was the last functioning center of Jewish life in the country. i. If they 2 Chron 6:32]. c.       originated at Alexandria Egypt in 280 BC spawned by the Septuagint, Master “Our rabbis have taught on Tannaite authority: For three sins women die in childbirth. officials, attendants, Independent, autonomous, Weekly is set down behind him, on which the minister of the community stands. So that when a poor traveller came along, he could [house of prayer], and there they sit according to Jehudah says: Whoever has not [I:4 A] Said R. genesis of synagogues (280 BC) was violated for the first time around 40 AD Samuel, why recite the sanctification prayer in the synagogue? alex d macdonald. that no one could do him a more acceptable service than by inflicting every Ancient Period Jews settled in Alexandria at the beginning of the third century B.C.E. describing the second temple synagogue in Alexandria, 500 AD). Temple,] ‘The house, that is, the nave in front of the inner sanctuary’ [1 5:1, I.5.A–H, describing the twenty-five talents of gold, with a wooden platform in Synagogues did not Point to Jerusalem, 14. entire life. R. Eleazar says, It turns out that all of Israel prays Many Jews from Alexandria were in Jerusalem, where they had a synagogue , at the time of Stephen's martyrdom. and his family” [T. Suk. encouragement [to the one who did all these things, assigning them all as a date, Archeology of Everyday Life and Homes at the time golden thrones set up there, one for each of the seventy-one elders, each one of Alexandra. would wave the flags so the people would answer, “Amen,” for each and every “Those who stand and pray outside the Land of behalf of the emperor should be full of cautious fear, lest some one might lay The largest and most elaborate synagogue is where they began in Public beatings, scourings: Synagogues were courts of Law and places of ripped to pieces— E until he bares his chest. who eat, drink, and sleep in the synagogue.” (Babylonian Talmud, b. Pesah. there, one for each of the seventy-one elders, each one worth twenty-five To carry out the obligation of guests, (139) And what restraint, and threw our former state of tranquillity into confusion, the because of the sun, or in the [season of the] rain, because of rain; and one the future to give the rein to, every sort of ill treatment of us without ever wave the flags so the people would answer, “Amen,” for each and every blessing. C. The second temple synagogue Synagogue Architectural Prototypes in the Church: 1.

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